The U.S. Department of Defense Funded and Operated Biological Labs in Ukraine
jamesroguski.substack.com
The U.S. Department of Defense Funded and Operated Biological Labs in Ukraine
The labs obviously exist and they were clearly funded by the U.S. Department Of Defense. The evidence is readily available. The question is: "What was really being done at these labs?"
Public documents clearly show that the United States Department of Defense has invested millions of dollars in at least 13 biological laboratories in Ukraine. This has been public knowledge for years. Some people have claimed their are 16 biolabs, the Chinese have claimed that there are 26 biolabs and the Russians claim that there are 30 biolabs. Exactly how many biolabs has the United States supported in Ukraine?
On February 24, 2022, the Ukrainian Minister of Health (Victor Lyashko) ordered “the emergency destruction of biological pathogens.” In time of war, this could be seen as a reasonable step to prevent the spread of pathogens due to bombing, fire and/or theft.
United States Undersecretary of State Victoria Nuland’s Congressional testimony verified the fact that the U.S. was attempting to assist the Ukrainians in their effort to prevent the Russians from obtaining these “research materials.”
Government officials, “Fact Checkers” and the mainstream media continue to claim that this is all “fake news,” “Russian propaganda” or “conspiracy theories.”
Anyone who claimed (or continues to claim) that the labs do not exist, or that they were not funded by the United States Department of Defense is ignoring the obvious facts.
Why were these Ukrainian bio labs funded by the U.S. Department of Defense? How much American taxpayer money has been spent on these labs? What is project “Nimble Elder?”
Is it true, as the Chinese claim, that the U.S. has funded 336 biological labs worldwide? What kind of pathogens are stored in these facilities? What types of research is going on in these facilities? What harm they pose to people in these countries and around the world? How much has been spent worldwide?
What exactly has been going on at these labs? Were any studies conducted in Ukraine involving bats, birds, flies, fleas and ticks as potential vectors of disease?
Was diplomatic immunity given to employees and independent contractors who worked at these laboratories? If so, why? Did employees at these labs use their “diplomatic immunity” to transport dangerous biological pathogens or human tissues under the guise of “diplomatic cargo”?
Why did the U.S. Air Force specifically request Russian (not Ukrainian) synovial tissue and RNA samples? Has research been done regarding methods in which pathogens could specifically target individual groups based on their ethnicity? Was gain of function research conducted?
The Russians have stated that the existence of these biological laboratories is seen by them to be a threat to their security and have said so for years. How would the United States react if Russia began funding dozens of laboratories in Mexico that were designed to “collect and study” biological pathogens?
Why are government officials, “fact check” organizations and mainstream media outlets blatantly permitted to lie by claiming that reports about the existence of Department of Defense funded biological laboratories in Ukraine were “fake news,” “Russian propaganda” or “conspiracy theories”?
Why is it okay for individuals and organizations to spread Misinformation, Disinformation and Malinformation (MDM) when it supports the lies of the official narrative, but individuals and organizations that spread verifiable truth are censored and de-platformed?
Nuland: We are working to prevent biological research facilities from falling into Russia's hands
In response to questions from Reuters about its work with Ukraine ahead of and during Russia's invasion, the WHO said in an email on Thursday that it has collaborated with Ukrainian public health labs for several years to promote security practices that help prevent "accidental or deliberate release of pathogens."
"As part of this work, WHO has strongly recommended to the Ministry of Health in Ukraine and other responsible bodies to destroy high-threat pathogens to prevent any potential spills," the WHO, a United Nations agency, said.
The WHO would not say when it had made the recommendation nor did it provide specifics about the kinds of pathogens or toxins housed in Ukraine's laboratories. The agency also did not answer questions about whether its recommendations were followed.
Until yesterday this was "fake news" and "conspiracy theory." Undersecretary of State Victoria Nuland just confirmed that #Ukraine has "biological research facilities.”
The Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs claimed that the United States controls 336 biological laboratories in 30 countries around the world, including a total of 26 labs in Ukraine.
PLEASE WATCH THE VIDEOS BELOW…
Why are we funding this?
REBUTTAL:
NIMBLE ELDER
CLICK ABOVE FOR SOURCE
Nimble Elder, Pentagon documents show, involves WMD-tracking teams that work with combatant commands around the world to either deploy rapidly to crisis spots around the world or are already based in those areas. They collaborate with technical support groups to "provide the (combatant commands) and other U.S. government agencies with the capability to counter WMD threats."
Ukraine worked on development of biological weapons near Russian borders - statement
"We confirm the facts, discovered during the special military operation in Ukraine, of the emergency cleanup by the Kiev regime of traces of the military biological program, carried out by Kiev with funding from the US Department of Defense," the statement reads. "Documents were obtained from employees of Ukrainian biological laboratories about emergency disposal of particularly dangerous pathogens of plague, anthrax, tularemia, cholera and other deadly diseases, carried out on February 24. In particular, we are talking about the Ukrainian Health Ministry order on prompt disposal of all stockpiles of dangerous pathogens, sent to all bio laboratories."
"The obtained documentation is currently being scrupulously analyzed by specialists of Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Protection troops. However, it is already possible to make a conclusion that the laboratories located in direct proximity from Russian borders worked on development of components of biological weapons," the diplomat noted.
The emergency disposal of particularly dangerous pathogens, carried out on February 24, was necessary in order to prevent the revelation of facts of violation of Article 1 of the Biological Weapons Convention by Ukraine and the US, Zakharova said.
"This information confirms the validity of the complaints that we’ve made repeatedly within the context of implementation of the Biological Weapons Convention in regards to the military biological activity of the US and its allies on the post-Soviet territory," she noted.
Russian Defense Ministry: Americans were able to take out most of the documentation from biological laboratories from the territory of Ukraine
On the evening of March 10, the Russian military published supporting documentation:
Transfer of biomaterials from Ukrainian laboratories to Australia and Germany;
Bat Research Project;
Migratory Birds Project UP-4 and protocol for capturing birds from Ukraine in Russia;
Acts of destruction of evidence in biolaboratories.
It is also reported that the ultimate goal of development is the spread of deadly pathogens. The Russian Defense Ministry claims that the US authorities wanted to work in Ukraine in 2022 on pathogens of birds, bats and reptiles that were supposed to carry African plague and anthrax.
Materials on the UP-8 project to study the Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and hantaviruses in Ukraine refute the US public assertion that only Ukrainian scientists work in the Pentagon's biolaboratories in Ukraine without the intervention of American biologists;
The fact of payments directly from the Pentagon for participation in research is confirmed. Pays a modest, by American standards, wages. This indicates a low assessment of the professionalism of Ukrainian specialists;
There is information about a US project in laboratories in Ukraine to study the spread of dangerous infections by migratory birds;
The Americans have already managed to evacuate most of the bioresearch documentation from the laboratories in Kyiv, Kharkov and Odessa;
It is possible that a part of the collection of American bioresearch materials will be moved from Ukraine to Poland;
The United States, Ukrainian and Georgian laboratories near the borders of Russia are implementing a project where bats are considered as carriers of bioweapons;
The analysis of materials confirms the fact that more than 140 containers with ectoparasites of bats were transferred from the biological laboratory in Kharkov abroad;
Research in biolaboratories was carried out in the immediate vicinity of the borders of Russia - in the regions of the Black Sea coast and in the Caucasus;
Research similar to the American one in Ukraine was carried out during the Second World War by the infamous Detachment 731 from Japan;
With a high degree of probability, we can say that one of the tasks of the United States and its allies is the creation of bioagents capable of selectively affecting various ethnic groups of the population.
Russian Defense Ministry Releases Materials of U.S. Bio-Military Operations in Ukraine
Bat coronavirus found in U.S.-funded bio-lab in Ukraine: Russian Defense Ministry
The Russian Defence Ministry on Thursday announced that the US-funded biological labs located in Ukraine were conducting experiments with bat coronavirus samples.
"According to the documents, the American side planned to conduct work on pathogens of birds, bats, and reptiles in Ukraine in 2022, with a further transition to studying the possibility of carrying African swine fever and anthrax", chief spokesman for the Ministry of Defence Major General Igor Konashenkov said.
In addition, the facilities were studying the possible spread of pathogens via wild birds, migrating between Russia, Ukraine, and other countries in the region.
"The purpose of this - and other Pentagon-funded biological research in Ukraine, was to create a mechanism for the covert spread of deadly pathogens", he added.
Russia claims to have evidence of 30 biological laboratories
SOURCES:
Russian Defense Ministry: Americans were able to take out most of the documentation from biological laboratories from the territory of Ukraine
2018: Russia accuses US of running a biological weapons lab in Georgia
Marco Rubio, Victoria Nuland Declare If There’s a Bioweapon Attack, It’s Russia’s Fault
UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL MEETING
PROPAGANDA VERSUS PROPAGANDA
TIP: If you listen to the Unite Nations Security Council meeting videos below on stereo headphones, if you use just one earphone, you can focus on just the English translation.
ADDITIONAL VIDEOS:
US & Ukraine Docs Prove Biolabs, Russian Federation Response
The Health Minister of Ukraine (Victor Lyashko) ordered the destruction of biological pathogens at the biological labs.
Russia’s Defence Ministry says Ukraine ordered scientists to destroy samples of plague, anthrax, and other lethal pathogens at US-funded laboratories near the Russian border, RT reported.
“We have received documentation from employees of Ukrainian biolaboratories on the emergency destruction on February 24 of especially dangerous pathogens of plague, anthrax, tularemia, cholera and other deadly diseases,” read a statement from the ministry.
Russia’s Defense Ministry added that it believes the documents will prove that Ukraine and the US were violating Article 1 of the UN Biological Weapons Convention.
The following is from an article in the Daily Exposé
On their Telegram channel, RIA Novosti, a Russian state-owned news agency, posted images of the documents published by the ministry which include: an order from the Ukrainian Ministry of Health to destroy the pathogens; and, lists of the germs in question. The images were accompanied with the comments (translated using Google):
“The facts of the emergency cleansing by the Kiev regime of the traces of the military-biological program being implemented in Ukraine, funded by the US Department of Defence, have been revealed, the Russian Defence Ministry said. Employees of Ukrainian biological laboratories provided documents on the destruction of especially dangerous pathogens of plague and anthrax on February 24
“The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation published an instruction of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine on the destruction of pathogens and acts of destruction in the Poltava and Kharkiv biological laboratories.
“Russian Defence Ministry: The Pentagon has serious concerns about disclosing the conduct of secret biological experiments on the territory of Ukraine.
“The received documents confirm that in the Ukrainian biolaboratories, in the immediate vicinity of the territory of Russia, the development of biological weapons components was carried out.
“In order to prevent disclosure of the facts of violation by the United States and Ukraine of Article 1 of the UN Convention on the Prohibition of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons, the Ukrainian Ministry of Health sent an instruction to all biological laboratories to urgently eliminate stored stocks of dangerous pathogens.
“In the near future, the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation intends to present the results of the analysis of the received documents.”
The document images shared by RIA Novosti are in Russian, but one twitter user posted a translation of the covering letter and another twitter user translated, using Yandex, the remaining pages. Below are the translated images.
The information below is from the web page dedicated to the Biological Threat Reduction Program (BTRP) on the website of the United States Embassy in Ukraine.
BTRP has upgraded many laboratories for the Ministry of Health and the State Food Safety and Consumer Protection Service of Ukraine, reaching Biosafety Level 2. In 2019, BTRP constructed two laboratories for the latter, one in Kyiv and one in Odesa.
Below is clear documentation that at least 13 biological laboratories were funded by the Department of Defense and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). Please note the overall U.S. Government investment at the bottom of each fact sheet.
Downloadable fact sheets posted on the embassy’s webpage for just over a dozen different laboratories and institutions across Ukraine show that the primary donor for 12 of these laboratories and institutions is the U.S. Department of Defense. One other fact sheet, for the Dnipropetrovsk State Regional Diagnostic Veterinary Laboratory, names the DRTA (which is under the Department of Defense), as its primary donor. In eight cases, the Ukrainian Ministry of Health was listed as the recipient of these donations on the fact sheets, and the Ukraine State Veterinary and Phytosanitary Service was listed as the recipient on four.
Furthermore, every single laboratory with a fact sheet listing donors and recipients names Black & Veatch, a large engineering firm based in Kansas City, as the head contractor. Previously, Black & Veatch was tasked with building Ukraine’s first Biological Safety Level 3 (BSL-3) lab in Odessa. BSL-3 laboratories are allowed to work with dangerous toxins and pathogens like anthrax and HIV.
While the program was commonly understood to be focused on cleaning up former Soviet programs, the 12 fact sheets show that the United States had invested more than $21 million in the construction and operation of various facilities located in cities scattered across Ukraine, such as Lviv and Karkiv. Each have or are in the process of obtaining a “permit for working with Pathogens.” The operation seems extensive and relatively long-lasting for simply a clean-up effort, which would have likely destroyed these biohazards or brought them to a more secure laboratory, outside of a country that has been relatively unstable for the last decade.
It seems as if the U.S. Embassy attempted to hide this information, but the documents were archived on “The Wayback Machine.” As of noon on March 10, 2022, the original links on the Embassy website appear to have been restored.
Among the set of bilateral agreements between the US and Ukraine is the establishment of the Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU) – an International organization funded mainly by the US government which has been accorded diplomatic status. The STCU officially supports projects of scientists previously involved in the Soviet biological weapons program. Over the past 20 years the STCU has invested over $285 million in funding and managing some 1,850 projects of scientists who previously worked on the development of weapons of mass destruction.
Apparently, this diplomatic immunity enables laboratory personnel to directly transport biological agents and biological products (such as human blood and human tissue) as “diplomatic cargo.”
Southern Research Institute, one of the US contractors working at the bio-laboratories in Ukraine, has projects on Cholera, as well as on Influenza and Zika – all pathogens of military importance to the Pentagon. Southern Research Institute has been a prime subcontractor under the DTRA program in Ukraine since 2008.
Along with Southern Research Institute, two other private American companies operate military bio-labs in Ukraine – Black&Veatch and Metabiota.
Black & Veatch Special Project Corp. was awarded $198.7 million DTRA contracts to build and operate bio-laboratories in Ukraine (under two 5-year contracts in 2008 and 2012 totaling $128.5 million), as well as in Germany, Azerbaijan, Cameroon, Thailand, Ethiopia, Vietnam and Armenia.
Metabiota has been awarded a $18.4 million federal contract under the program in Georgia and Ukraine. This US company was also contracted to perform work for the DTRA before and during the Ebola crisis in West Africa, the company was awarded $3.1 million (2012-2015) for work in Sierra Leone .
The United States Air Force sought to purchase synovial (joint) tissue from Russian, not Ukranian, but specifically ethnic Russian individuals (22 minutes into the video below):
The Air Force sought synovial tissue and RNA samples from Russian people only.
NOTE: At about noon Pacific time on March 10, 2022, I noticed that the previously broken links on the U.S. Embassy website had been repaired. CLICK HERE
On November 23, 2015 the Congressional Research Service updated “The Evolution of Cooperative Threat Reduction: Issues for Congress.”
Between FY1997 and FY2015, Congress appropriated to DOD around $2.4 billion for biological threat reduction projects, with large increases in the amount of both the request and the appropriation in recent years.
The increase in funding was largest between FY2007 and FY2008, when DOD planned to expand U.S. bio-safety and bio-security assistance at facilities in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Georgia. This request reflected growing concerns about the threat of biological weapons proliferation. But some believed this increase would not be sufficient.
Senator Richard Lugar sought to add $100 million for the CTR program in FY2008, with the express purpose of expanding and accelerating biological weapons nonproliferation programs.92 The Senate reduced this amount but still added $50 million to the program for FY2008. The requests and authorizations for CBE funding grew steadily since FY2008, with a slight decrease in the FY2015 request.
Some in Congress have expressed concern over whether DOD was the appropriate actor to be carrying out these tasks, and whether biological engagement was being pursued at the expense of other programs.
BREAKING: Documents Reveal US Department of Defense Was Funding Ukrainian Biolabs — Russia Releases List of Biological Agents Tested in US BioLabs in Ukraine, Including Salmonella and E. Coli
Despite all of the evidence that is now and has always been publicly available, government officials, “fact check” organizations and media organizations continue to simply deny the reality that the U.S. Department of Defense has funded numerous biological laboratories in Ukraine and around the world.
Weber, Andrew. Senior fellow at the Council on Strategic Risks and a member of the Arms Control Association board of directors. Email to FactCheck.org. 28 Feb 2022.
Sources claimed by Snopes [accessed on March 9, 2022]:
Bigg, Matthew Mpoke. “Putin’s Forces Attack Ukraine.” The New York Times, 23 Feb. 2022. NYTimes.com, https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/24/world/russia-ukraine-putin.
Borger, Julian. “Covid Bioweapon Claims ‘Scientifically Invalid’, US Intelligence Reports.” The Guardian, 29 Oct. 2021. The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/29/us-intelligence-report-covid-origins.
“Covid Bioweapon Claims ‘Scientifically Invalid’, US Intelligence Reports.” The Guardian, 29 Oct. 2021. The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/29/us-intelligence-report-covid-origins.
Davis, Julia. “Russia, China Team Up to Peddle Insane U.S. COVID Lab Theory.” The Daily Beast, 9 Apr. 2021. www.thedailybeast.com, https://www.thedailybeast.com/russia-china-team-up-to-peddle-insane-us-covid-lab-theory.
“DISINFO: US BIOLABS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPING NEW BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS IN UKRAINE.” EuVsDisinfo, 15 Apr. 2021, https://euvsdisinfo.eu/report/us-biolabs-have-been-developing-new-biological-weapons-in-ukraine.
“Does the US Have A Secret Germ Warfare Lab on Russia’s Doorstep?” Coda Story, 19 Apr. 2018, https://www.codastory.com/disinformation/does-the-us-have-a-secret-germ-warfare-lab-on-russias-doorstep/.
Knight, Dacre. “COVID-19 Pandemic Origins: Bioweapons and the History of Laboratory Leaks.” Southern Medical Journal, vol. 114, no. 8, Aug. 2021, pp. 465–67. PubMed Central, https://doi.org/10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001283.
“Maps: Tracking the Russian Invasion of Ukraine.” The New York Times, 14 Feb. 2022. NYTimes.com, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/world/europe/ukraine-maps.html.
Mary Van, Beusekom and 2020. “Scientists: ‘Exactly Zero’ Evidence COVID-19 Came from a Lab.” CIDRAP, https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/05/scientists-exactly-zero-evidence-covid-19-came-lab. Accessed 24 Feb. 2022.
Romanyuk, Vika. “Fake: Ukraine a US Biological Testing Site.” StopFake, 30 Aug. 2017, https://www.stopfake.org/en/fake-ukraine-a-us-biological-testing-site/.
“Russian Media Spreading Disinformation about US Bioweapons as Troops Mass near Ukraine.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 8 Feb. 2022, https://thebulletin.org/2022/02/russian-media-spreading-disinformation-about-us-bioweapons-as-troops-mass-near-ukraine/.
“SBU: No US Biological Laboratories in Ukraine.” Kyiv Post, 8 May 2020, https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/sbu-no-us-biological-laboratories-in-ukraine.html.
“U.S.-Ukraine Partnership to Reduce Biological Threats.” U.S. Embassy in Ukraine, 22 Apr. 2020, https://ua.usembassy.gov/u-s-ukraine-partnership-to-reduce-biological-threats/.
Zeleny, Jeff. “U.S., Ukraine Sign Bioterrorism Pact.” Indianapolis Star, 30 Aug. 2005.
“Програма зі зменшення біологічної загрози.” Посольство США в Україні, https://ua.usembassy.gov/uk/embassy-uk/kyiv-uk/sections-offices-uk/defense-threat-reduction-office-uk/biological-threat-reduction-program-uk/. Accessed 24 Feb. 2022.
POLITIFACT:
There are no US-run biolabs in Ukraine, contrary to social media posts
Sources claimed by PolitiFact [accessed on March 9, 2022]:
Email exchange with Andy Weber, a member of the Arms Control Association Board of Directors and a former assistant secretary of defense for nuclear, chemical, and biological defense programs.
The US government has worked with 26 facilities in Ukraine. Before the invasion, the program provided direct material support to six Ukrainian labs. The program also provides biosafety and scientific mentorship training to Ministry of Health personnel throughout the country.
EU VS. DISINFO:
DISINFO: US BIOLABS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPING NEW BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS IN UKRAINE
The old system is crumbling, and we must build its replacement quickly.
If you are fed up with the government, hospital, medical, pharmaceutical, media, industrial complex and would like to help build a holistic alternative to the WHO, then feel free to contact me directly anytime.
Great work. Great research. Just wanted to share this . . .
Share widely. I am not a fan of Putin, but it is obvious the our government and globalist corporate media want a escalating war with Russia that could well result in a global nuclear war. As much as you might despise Putin what is now required is an immediate de-escalation of what could be WWIII. I first saw the video on Facebook which does not allow it to be downloaded. It did not come up in my Google search which may mean it has been censored. And when I found it through DuckDuckGo it has only been viewed 3 times. Don't you find it odd, really odd, the globalist corporate media refused to air his remarks? I do.
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"Regarding guarantees and whether anything will depend on the course of the negotiations. Our actions will depend not on the course of the negotiations, but on the unconditional provision of Russia's security today and in the future. In this regard, we have made it very clear that NATO's further eastward expansion is unacceptable. What is incomprehensible here? Are we placing missiles near the borders of the United States? No. It was the United States that came to our home with their missiles, they are already in front of our home. Is this some sort of excessive demand -- not to put any more offensive systems in front of our house? What is so unusual here? How would the Americans react if we put missiles on the border between Canada and the US or put our missiles on the border of Mexico and the United States? And did Mexico and the United States never have territorial issues? And to whom California belonged before? What about Texas? Have you forgetten or what? Okay, everything has calmed down, no one remembers it -- the way they remember about Crimea today. Wonderful. But also try not to remember how Ukraine was created. Who created it? Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, when he created the Soviet Union: the Union Treaty of 1922 and in 1924 -- the Constitution. True, the constitution was after his death, but they were created according to his principles. But the issue is security now -- God bless history -- its the isssue of security. Therefore, it is not the course of the negotiations that is important to us -- the results are importanat to us. Don't we know, I've already said this many times, and you probably know well: not a single inch to the East -- they told us in the 1990's. So what happened? They cheated. They just blatantly decieved us: five waves of NATO enlargement."
Russian President Putin
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This video will change how you see Putin as he explains -- obviously after the invasion (02/24/2022) -- the situation in the Ukraine from a Russian point of view.
thank you, excellent research James 💪😎
Great work. Great research. Just wanted to share this . . .
Share widely. I am not a fan of Putin, but it is obvious the our government and globalist corporate media want a escalating war with Russia that could well result in a global nuclear war. As much as you might despise Putin what is now required is an immediate de-escalation of what could be WWIII. I first saw the video on Facebook which does not allow it to be downloaded. It did not come up in my Google search which may mean it has been censored. And when I found it through DuckDuckGo it has only been viewed 3 times. Don't you find it odd, really odd, the globalist corporate media refused to air his remarks? I do.
=====
"Regarding guarantees and whether anything will depend on the course of the negotiations. Our actions will depend not on the course of the negotiations, but on the unconditional provision of Russia's security today and in the future. In this regard, we have made it very clear that NATO's further eastward expansion is unacceptable. What is incomprehensible here? Are we placing missiles near the borders of the United States? No. It was the United States that came to our home with their missiles, they are already in front of our home. Is this some sort of excessive demand -- not to put any more offensive systems in front of our house? What is so unusual here? How would the Americans react if we put missiles on the border between Canada and the US or put our missiles on the border of Mexico and the United States? And did Mexico and the United States never have territorial issues? And to whom California belonged before? What about Texas? Have you forgetten or what? Okay, everything has calmed down, no one remembers it -- the way they remember about Crimea today. Wonderful. But also try not to remember how Ukraine was created. Who created it? Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, when he created the Soviet Union: the Union Treaty of 1922 and in 1924 -- the Constitution. True, the constitution was after his death, but they were created according to his principles. But the issue is security now -- God bless history -- its the isssue of security. Therefore, it is not the course of the negotiations that is important to us -- the results are importanat to us. Don't we know, I've already said this many times, and you probably know well: not a single inch to the East -- they told us in the 1990's. So what happened? They cheated. They just blatantly decieved us: five waves of NATO enlargement."
Russian President Putin
=====
This video will change how you see Putin as he explains -- obviously after the invasion (02/24/2022) -- the situation in the Ukraine from a Russian point of view.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vCPqbDEjJI